Why is international trade important for PV cells?
Through the interaction of spatial patterns of PV cells international trade flow, the associations among regions have been strengthened and the development opportunities of PV industry have been expanded. This will also intensify the level of competition.
What is the spatial structure of PV cells international trade?
Nodes (countries and regions) and routes (trade flows) are two major metrics for the spatial structure of the PV cells international trade. Demand and supply of PV cells take place in each individual node. Consequently, the interactions amongst nodes are responsible for the formation of routes.
Why is China's PV industry a major export-oriented industry?
As an export-oriented industry, China's PV trade is shaped by foreign market demands and policies (Ball et al., 2017). The initial development of Chinese PV manufacturing is to meet the market boom in some EU countries, which announced feed-in tariff to stimulate their PV installation.
How much of China's PV exports deflect to new markets?
The results show that about 20 billion dollars of PV products, account for 22.66% of China's overall PV export, deflected to new markets from 2012 to 2016. Both local and destination spillovers are conducive for Chinese PV exports to deflect to countries without extra tariffs.
How much do PV firms export to China?
Such a figure occupies about 8.36% of other countries' export to China. The trade diversion is about 6669 million dollars, occupying about 22.71% of the PV export from ROW to AD countries. 3.4. Export expansion of China's PV firms Fig. 5 manifests the new trade linkages between Chinese PV firms and destination countries.
What is the dynamic of PV trade network after AD sanctions?
Table 1. the dynamic of PV trade network after the AD countries set trade sanctions towards China (Million dollars). The result shows that, according to the trade protection, about 11,425 million Chinese PV products had not been export to the AD markets from 2012 to 2016, which account for about 39.68% of all Chinese PV export to AD countries.
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Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd. 2021 Annual Report
sometimes also in centralized PV power generation systems Energy storage converter Power conversion devices between the energy storage batteries and the AC power grid, capable of charging and discharging the batteries. They are used in PV, power smoothing for wind power generation, peak load shifting, micro-grid and other scenarios
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